Phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit
A phase-locked loop (PLL) is a circuit that is capable of synchronizing an output signal generated by an oscillator with a reference or input signal in frequency as well as in phase. A PLL is a closed loop frequency control system that operates on the phased sensitive detection of phase difference between two signals, the reference signal and a feedback signal. A phase-locked loop is used to set a frequency in such a manner that it matches a reference frequency produced by a reference oscillator. The match must be so accurate that the phase shift between the two frequencies does not drift. Phase locked loops (PLLs) are utilized by electronic devices to generate clock signals from a reference signal. The generated clock signal may be at the same frequency as the reference clock signal or at a fractional or multiple frequency of the reference clock signal. The generated clock signal typically has a predetermined phase relationship with the reference clock signal. Phase-locked loop (PLL) integrated circuits produce an oscillator frequency output which matches an input frequency signal. A typical PLL may include a phase-frequency detector, a charge pump, and a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). A phase locked loop circuit operates by producing an oscillator frequency to match the frequency of an input signal. The phase frequency detector compares an input or system clock with an output clock and provides clock control signals to the charge pump. The charge pump adds or subtracts charge to a filter capacitor based on the clock control signals and generates a control voltage that controls the frequency of the VCO. Another block may be provided to buffer and divide or multiply the output clock, which is fed back to the PFD for comparison with the system clock. Phase-locked loops are widely used in digital electronics, signal telemetry, and communications applications. Phase Locked Loop (PLL) circuits may be used for frequency control. Many applications require phase-locked loop (PLL) circuits which will work with high frequencies. PLL circuits may be configured as frequency multipliers, demodulators, tracking generators or clock recovery circuits.
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