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Waveguide filter

Waveguide filters are used in microwave communications. In broad bandwidth wireless networks, it is known to use increasingly high frequencies so to allow the transmission of high bit-rate applications such as video. In order to carry out bidirectional communications of the full-duplex type, it is known to allocate frequencies which are different for transmission and reception. However, it is necessary to have recourse to high-performance filtering devices in order to separate the transmission and reception signals, since the transmission signal interferes with the reception signal. In order to meet the filtering restrictions (microwave, broad bandwidth, high rejection outside the bandwidth), waveguide filters are used. Waveguide filters commonly include a plurality of adjacently positioned waveguide cavities separated by shunt inductive reactance elements. The shunt inductive reactance elements are typically inductive posts which connect the broad walls of a waveguide, or openings through which adjacent cavities are coupled. Waveguide filters act on the received electromagnetic wave before the latter is transformed into an electrical signal. The filtering function is provided by the shape of the structure. The size of the filter is proportional to the wavelength, the length of the cavities being equal to half of the wavelength. E-plane waveguide filters consist of a waveguide, formed by two halves of a rectangular parallelepiped housing, and an insert. The insert is a relatively thin sheet of electrically conductive material, typically copper, of uniform thickness and etched or stamped with patterns. Ceramic waveguide filters are typically designed using an "all pole" configuration in which all resonators are tuned to the passband frequencies. With this type of design, one way to increase the attenuation outside of the passband is to increase the number of resonators.

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