Harmonic filter
Electrical distribution systems, for example for distributing an electrical power supply through a building or industrial facility, are often subjected to harmonic currents generated by non-linear loads such as electronic equipment including computers, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), power rectifiers, etc. The harmonic currents create many problems in the power distribution system, including increased voltage total harmonic distortion level, reduced electromagnetic compatibility of the loads, reduced reliability of the power distribution equipment, increased power losses, reduced power factor, and other problems. Filtering circuits in the power distribution lines can reduce the presence or strength of the harmonic signals. Harmonic filters are an essential part of a power system in order to comply with strict codes on harmonics adopted by electric utilities based on the recent Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers standard 519. The harmonic distortion in an AC power main may be reduced by the use of passive harmonic filters incorporating inductors and capacitors that have a series resonance at the harmonic frequencies. These passive filters are placed across the power mains to shunt the damaging harmonics. In active filters, a power amplifier such as a pulse width modulated (PWM) power supply is connected directly to the power main to provide a countervailing harmonic current cancelling the distortion. Such active harmonic filters may be used with passive filters in a hybrid arrangement in which the PWM power supply is connected to the power mains through a series resonant circuit to block the AC fundamental and hence to decrease loading on the PWM power supply.
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