Porcelain insulator
Electrical insulators prevent the passage of electricity out of the electrical insulators to some other device or area, so that the electricity does not cause harm or death to those who touch areas or devices which are adjacent to the electrical insulators. Electrical insulators are produced from many different materials. Plastic, glass and ceramic, in particular porcelain, are primarily used. Today, there are a number of different methods for manufacturing an electrical insulator for high voltages. The majority of these electrical insulators are today made in porcelain. High-voltage insulators are generally large-sized components produced from porcelain which isolate high voltage electrical power lines at electrical power generation stations, and within the transmission and distribution networks of the major utilities. High-strength porcelain is generally used in the manufacture of insulators for transformers, switch gears, terminators and low voltage distribution applications. A typical porcelain insulator comprises a solid cylindrical core of porcelain with a plurality of integral porcelain sheds extending circumferentially therearound, the core being cemented and/or mechanically secured to a metal fitting at each end for electrical connection to the insulator. Porcelain is a preferred insulating material in some applications because of its superior resistance to damage by electrical discharges, to weathering, and to chemical attack. While porcelain is a very suitable material due to its resistance to damage by electrical discharges, weathering and chemicals, it is relatively heavy and can shatter on impact. Porcelain insulators are often very heavy to provide the necessary mechanical and electrical characteristics. Such porcelain insulators are typically expensive to install and require strong supporting structure for supporting the insulator to the pole or tower. Additionally, porcelain insulators are brittle which makes them subject to being damaged during shipping and installation of the insulators. The deficiencies of the porcelain insulators have led to the development of composite insulators which generally comprise a central core covered by an outer insulating coating.
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