Composite insulator
Insulators are used to prevent the loss of electric charge or current from conductors in electric power transmission lines. A typical insulator is made from a material which has a very high resistance to electric current so that current flow through it is negligible. Electrical insulators for high voltage use have traditionally been made of glass or porcelain as these materials are of low cost, high quality electrically and under normal conditions, have a long life in service. The ceramic and porcelain insulators, however, are heavy and bulky; they require specialized assembly fixtures or processes and are awkward and difficult to handle and ship. The ceramic insulators are brittle and easily chipped or broken. In comparison with conventional insulators of glass or porcelain, composite insulators have the advantage that they have excellent insulating properties when used in areas with highly contaminated atmosphere. A number of composite insulators made from lighter weight polymeric materials have been developed for use in high voltage installations. Such composite insulators generally include a fiberglass rod having a number of weathersheds constructed of a highly insulating polymeric material attached to the rod along its length. A composite insulator may include a coated fiberglass rod surrounded by weathersheds made from a highly insulating material. Composite insulators are generally produced by preparing the screens individually and then fitting the required number of them onto a shank coated with extrudate and vulcanising them with the coat, or by centrally placing a rod with a predetermined number of screens in a two-part mould and injecting all the screens at once. Compared with the conventional insulators manufactured homogeneously from the material ceramic or glass, composite insulators consist of two components of different materials. The shank of the composite insulators consists of rods or tubes, generally made of epoxy resin reinforced with glass fibres. The shank may be fully coated with a cover.
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