Electronic fuse
Electronic circuits are subject to stresses that may damage the semiconductor devices contained therein. These stresses include overvoltage, overcurrent, overtemperature, and the abrupt application of a voltage. Means for protecting a circuit from excessive voltage or current is a necessary component of any electrical power supply system. In the past, fuses or circuit breakers have been used to physically and electrically disconnect the circuit from its power source whenever the voltage or current exceeds a predetermined level by opening the circuit. In many integrated circuits, fuses are used to store information, form connections, program elements for redundancy, store identification or other information, or trim analog circuits by adjusting the resistance of a current path. These functions are typically referred to as "programming" a fuse. Electronic fuses are commonly used in integrated circuits to define or alter the configuration or operation of the integrated circuits following fabrication. Fuses are routinely used in the design of monolithic integrated circuits (IC), and in particular in memory devices as elements for altering the configuration of the circuitry contained therein. As such, memories are commonly built which programmed capabilities wherein fuses are selectively "blown" by, e.g., a laser beam. A fuse is usually used in the fail address storage circuit. A laser blown fuse is typical of this kind of fuse. The fail address is stored by blowing a fuse corresponding to the fail address detected by a die sort test in a wafer stage. In random access memories (RAMs) electronic fuses are typically used to enable redundant memory banks in place of memory banks determined to be defective during testing. Electrical fuses and other components are typically secured to a circuit board by soldering. With wave soldering, the electrical components are stuffed onto a printed circuit board, a solder flux is applied to the board, the board is preheated, and the board is transported across one or several solder waves. An electronic fuse is basically a poly silicon fuse link which is coupled to a voltage line (usually referred to as a FSource) on one end, and to the top of an n-channel field-effect transistor (NFET) on the other end.
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