Synchronous motor
Synchronous motors are well known and normally have a rotor and a cooperating stator. The stator comprises coils wound around the respective pole teeth of a stator core. These coils are electrically interconnected in a coil terminal circuit formed on a printed circuit board. A rotation position detector is also provided to detect the rotation angle of the rotor relative to the stator. Permanent magnet synchronous motors are brushless motors characterized by low cost, physical ruggedness, and simple construction. A permanent magnet type synchronous motor includes a rotatably supported rotor and a stator arranged around the rotor. The rotor includes an iron core and permanent magnets arranged circumferentially around the circumference direction of the iron core. The stator also includes an iron core, with coils arranged in a plurality of locations on the circumference of the stator iron core. There are essentially three types of construction for permanent magnet type synchronous motors. The surface-magnet type has radially magnetized arc-shaped magnets attached to the surface of a smooth rotor and is widely available with either sinusoidal or trapezoidal back-EMF voltage characteristics. The interior-magnet type has alternately poled rectangular magnets embedded in a smooth rotor, with distributed or concentrated phase windings. The hybrid-stepper permanent magnet synchronous motor has a single axially magnetized cylindrical rotor magnet enclosed by a two-piece rotor shell having projecting rotor teeth, and the stator has concentrated phase windings on pairs of projecting poles. Generally, a synchronous motor requires a starter for having its rotor accelerated up to a rotation speed of a rotating magnetic field produced by stator windings and also a means for effecting direct current magnetic excitation for rotor windings. AC permanent magnet synchronous motors are an important type of AC synchronous machines which can operate at predetermined constant speeds for producing mechanical actuation, and such motors have been widely used in a variety of industry environments. Polyphase synchronous motors usually have the AC excited winding on the stator core and poles and field structure on the rotor assembly. An induction synchronous motor is one in which the starter is omitted but an arrangement is made such that the synchronous motor itself is provided with starting torque. Such a motor does not require a starter since rotor windings are short-circuitted for the motor to operate as an induction motor but brushes are required for the DC magnetic excitation of the rotor windings which is indispensable for the synchronous operation.
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