Stepper motor
Stepper motors are electromechanical devices having a rotor driven in discrete steps by the application of electrical current to various coils. In this way, a stepper motor may be driven through multiple revolutions or through a fraction of a revolution. Stepper motors are used in a wide variety of applications due to their low cost, ruggedness, simplicity of construction, and wide acceptance, among other factors. A common type of stepper motor includes a permanent magnet-type rotor, and a stator having a body portion with inwardly extending teeth. Coils are wound on stator poles which are connected together to form motor phases. A two-phase stepping motor is mainly employed for use requiring a medium accuracy, while a three-phase stepping motor excellent in cost performance is employed for use requiring high-accuracy, low vibration and low noise. Stepper motors transfers with high accuracy digital electrical signals directly into discreet angle movements of a rotor. Stepper motors are synchronous motors in which rotor’s positions depend directly on driving signal. Rotary moment is defined by magnetic energy and is proportional to the tooth number of the rotor. A stepper motor rotates by a fixed angle in every changed state of excitation in each phase of the motor by clock pulse signals, and suspends at a fixed angle if the state of excitation does not change. The stepper motor rotates by the fixed angle or by a fixed step according to inputted pulse signals. Most stepper motors are operated in an open-loop configuration. Closed-loop configurations use feedback to sense rotor position via a conventional shaft encoder. A stepping motor controller being currently used comprises an excitation signal generator, a switching circuit, a winding of the stepping motor, a PWM (pulse width modulation) constant current control circuit, a current sensor and a current setting circuit.
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