Digital audio/video encoder
Due to the huge size of raw digital video data, compression must be applied to video signals so that they may be transmitted and stored. Meanwhile, digital audio is now in widespread use in audio and audiovisual systems. Digital audio is used in compact disc (CD) players, digital video disk (DVD) players, digital video broadcast (DVB), and many other current and planned systems. Digital audio signal storage and/or reproduction methods considerably improve sound quality and remarkably reduce the deterioration of sound caused by long storage periods compared to analog audio signal storage and/or reproduction methods used on a long-play (LP) record, a magnetic tape, or the like. However, the large amount of digital data sometimes poses a problem for storage and transmission. It has become common practice to compress audio/visual data in order to reduce the capacity and bandwidth requirements for storage and transmission. One of the most popular audio/video compression techniques is MPEG. MPEG is a generic reference to a family of international standards, which define how to encode visual and audio information in a digital compressed format. MPEG is utilized in a wide variety of applications, including DVD (Digital Video Discs) and DVB (Digital Video Broadcasting). MPEG (motion picture expert group) audio and video compression was developed for storing and distributing digital video and audio signals. There are currently multiple versions of MPEG standards including MPEG 1, MPEG 2, MPEG 4, and MPEG 7 with more versions likely to come. Regardless of the MPEG standard used, the basic architecture for an MPEG encoder and an MPEG decoder are similar. For example, an MPEG encoder includes a motion compensation function, discrete cosine transform (DCT) function, quantization function, a zig-zag scan function, and an encoding function, such as run-length encoding or Huffman encoding. With digitization of video signals now proceeding, a digital video apparatus for displaying video on a DVD (Digital Versatile Disc), for example, includes a digital video encoder for converting a digital video signal into an analog video signal.
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