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Variable capacitor

Capacitors are circuit devices for storing electric energy, which are almost essentially employed in diverse electric circuits. Such capacitors are mainly classified as fixed capacitors and variable capacitors. Variable capacitors having large capacitances are generally used for mechanically varying the capacitances, which are mainly employed for filter circuits and power supplies. Voltage variable capacitors offer major performance advantages over PIN diodes in impedance matching applications wherein a drain current can be three orders of magnitude less for a VVC than for a PIN diode. Voltage variable capacitors offer the possibility of continuous impedance tuning with a substantially reduced component count. Variable capacitors are used in a variety of different capacities and come in a number of different forms. Vacuum variable capacitors are used in a variety of applications in a variety of industries. For example, vacuum variable capacitors are used in RF matching devices to vary capacitance as part of tuning the RF impedance. Vacuum capacitors are broadly divided into a vacuum fixed capacitor wherein a capacitance value is fixed and a vacuum variable capacitor wherein a capacitance value can be varied. The variable capacitor or varactor that uses a varactor diode changes capacitance through application of a reversed bias to a diode. The diode is used for a rectification circuit or the like by utilizing that an electric current flows when a bias is applied to a PN junction plane in a forward direction. Variable capacitors or varactors have been used for many years in tuning circuits. Varactor diodes are generally used in a variety of applications including, harmonic generators, frequency multipliers, oscillators and phase shifters.

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