High voltage capacitor
A capacitor used in applications in which a high voltage is applied is strongly demanded to have high voltage resistance, and suppress flashover in the outer surfaces thereof. Therefore, as a multilayer capacitor which withstands a high voltage, capacitors having various structures have previously been developed. A high-voltage electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) is an energy storage medium in which two electrodes of the anode and the cathode are arranged opposite to each other with insulating paper interposed therebetween so that a pair of charge layers having different signs can be generated on facing surfaces of the electrodes. The EDLC can be continuously charged and discharged. This EDLC is mainly used as an auxiliary power supply, an IC backup power supply or the like for a variety of electrical and electronic devices. In the high-voltage ceramic capacitor, the metal terminal is generally soldered to the electrode by high-temperature processing. As solder used for the soldering, solder containing metallic lead has been conventionally employed. Since the lead solder is very soft and superior in elasticity, this material can absorb a difference in linear expansion coefficient between the ceramic and the metal terminal and prevent a fall of the terminal and a crack of the ceramic when a high voltage is applied when soldering is performed or after soldering is finished. However, in recent years, the solder has been shifted to lead-free solder (Pb-less solder) from which lead is removed because of environmental pollution issues. Generally, dielectric ceramic such as barium titanate has a high dielectric constant and a small tan .delta. and, therefore, a capactor is obtainable that has a comparatively large capacity and high withstand voltage despite a small size. For this reason, capacitors using such a material have been utilized so far also for electric power equipment, for example, for surge-absorbing capacitors for circuit breakers. High-voltage feed-through capacitors have been developed to be incorporated into a magnetron as a filter for eliminating unwanted radiation waves generated by oscillation of the magnetron. Compact, high voltage capacitors are utilized as energy storage reservoirs in many applications, including implantable medical devices. These capacitors are required to have a high energy density since it is desirable to minimize the overall size of the implanted device.
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