Electrolytic capacitor
The electrolytic capacitors are roughly divided into two types according to the kind of the electrolyte layer; a liquid electrolytic capacitor whose capacitor element includes an electrolyte layer (electrolyte) made of a liquid material, and having a conductive mechanism mainly using ionic conduction, and a solid electrolytic capacitor whose capacitor element includes an electrolyte layer (solid electrolyte layer) made of a solid material such as complex salt or conductive high polymer, and having a conductive mechanism mainly using electron conduction. Electronic devices are being designed to operate at higher and higher frequencies; consequently, capacitors as an electronic component are being required to have excellent impedance characteristics in higher frequencies than before. In order to meet this demand, various types of solid electrolytic capacitors are being developed which have a solid electrolyte made of conductive polymer high in electric conductivity. A solid electrolytic capacitor is a device which comprises a metal foil subjected to etching treatment and having a large specific surface area (anode substrate) on which is formed an oxide dielectric layer and a solid semiconductor layer as an opposing electrode outside the oxide dielectric layer and preferably further an electric conductor layer such as an electrically conducting paste. A solid electrolytic capacitor has an cathode lead terminal connected to the metal foil and an anode terminal connected to the electric conductor layer and as a whole is completely sealed by an epoxy resin or the like and is put into use as a capacitor part in electric products over a wide range. Electrolytic capacitors that use tantalum, aluminum, or another metal with a valve action can attain a large capacity with a small size by giving the valve action metal that serves as the anode-side counter electrode the shape of a sintered body, an etching foil to expand the surfaces of the dielectric, and are therefore widely used in common practice. Solid electrolytic capacitors are easy to package on a chip, are suitable for surface mounting, and posses other special characteristics, so these features are essential for miniaturizing, increasing the functionality, and lowering the costs of electronic equipment. Especially, solid electrolytic capacitors that utilize a conductive polymer layer as the solid electrolytic layer have low equivalent series resistance compared to the ones that utilize manganese dioxide as the solid electrolytic layer. Solid electrolytic capacitors are usually formed by accommodating a capacitor element inside an exterior case for protection, and the shape of the exterior case is formed to be suitable for mounting onto a circuit board. Solid electrolytic capacitors of the chip type comprise a capacitor element including a sintered block which has one end of an anode lead embedded therein and which is provided with an insulating layer, electrolyte layer and cathode layer formed over the surface of the block.
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