DVD decoder
DVD discs (digital versatile discs or digital video disks) are small, circular discs used as a non-volatile storage medium. DVD discs are commonly used to store digital data, especially audio and video image data. The audio and video images are typically formatted and encoded according to industry standard protocols before being stored on a DVD disc. Such standards include DVD VOB, VideoCD, CD-I, MPEG-1, MPEG-2, CD-ROM, or CD-DA. The data recorded on a DVD has multiple PTSs (Presentation Time Stamps). The PTSs are information on the reproduction time for outputting (displaying or sounding) video data, audio data, and sub-picture data (closed caption data). The video and audio signals are output from a DVD player to a video display (e.g. television) and a sound system (e.g. stereo system). A DVD player reads the encoded data from the DVD and decodes it for reproduction on a computer, television, or other audio/visual device. A DVD player includes a disc reader mechanism for retrieving data from a DVD disc, an audio/video decoder for decoding the retrieved data and transforming the audio and video data into a desired output format and a controller for processing user commands and controlling the operation of the player. The DVD player reads an audio-visual stream of data from the DVD and displays the video portion of the stream (including a sub-picture portion) on the video display (television) and plays the audio portion of the stream on one or more audio speakers (stereo system). The decoded data on a DVD disc typically includes an audio stream, a main video image stream, and a sub-picture video image stream. The sub-picture typically overlays the main video image and may contain a variety of different types of information such as menus, sub-titles, and directives. The main video image and the sub-picture image are separately processed, then combined for simultaneous display on the screen. The DVD decoder has an internal clock (reference clock) which is called STC (System Target Clock or System Time Clock). The DVD decoder operates the STC to count from zero concurrently with the start of reproduction.
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