SCSI controller (SCSI adapter)
The Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) is a parallel input/output bus often used to connect disk drives, CD-ROMs, and other peripherals to a computer bus. The SCSI bus provides a complete expansion bus where peripherals such as data storage devices may be connected. The SCSI bus functions as a separate bus whereby SCSI devices can exchange data among themselves without the intervention of the host computer's microprocessor. Each SCSI device is coupled to another SCSI device via a cable, which houses the SCSI bus. The SCSI bus operates in a backbone configuration. SCSI commands are transferred from a SCSI controller, or SCSI adapter, located in a host computer system, to a target device during the command phase of the SCSI bus. Generally, SCSI devices and busses that support an 8-bit data bus are referred to as narrow devices and SCSI devices and busses that support a 16- or 32-bit data bus are referred to as wide devices. SCSI devices can perform transfers across the SCSI bus while other transfers are occurring on the host computer's normal expansion bus. Modem computer systems which include a SCSI controller typically either incorporate the SCSI controller on the computer motherboard, or provide the SCSI controller as an add-on card or adapter card to an expansion bus, such as the PCI bus, ISA bus, or EISA bus. SCSI ports continue to be built into many personal computers today and are supported by all major operating systems.
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