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Power cable

Power cables are low, medium or high-voltage electrical cables with plastic-insulated conductors. The conductors can be made of copper or aluminum. A power cable is generally constituted with a cable conductor configured as a bundle of core wires for transmission of required electric power, a cable insulator configured for insulation about the conductor and made of, for example, a plastic material such as bridged polyethylene, a cable screen configured for electric screening about the insulator, and a cable outer cover configured for coverage and protection about the screen. In power cables the electric conductor is usually coated first with an inner semiconducting layer followed by an insulating layer, then an outer semiconducting layer followed by water barrier layers, if any, and on the outside a sheath layer. Semiconductive shields have been used in power cables as shields for the cable conductor and insulation for many years. A conductor shield is typically extruded over the cable conductor to provide a layer of intermediate conductivity between the conductor and cable insulation in the power cable. A shield is also typically provided over the insulation. The outer semiconducting shield can be either bonded to the insulation or strippable, with most applications using strippable shields. The inner semiconducting shield is generally bonded to the insulation layer. Additional layers within this construction such as moisture impervious materials are often incorporated. Paper insulated cable comprises an inner core containing, usually, three or four current carrying conductors. The conductors are insulated from each other and are surrounded by an insulation comprising oil impregnated paper. A metal sheath, generally of lead or aluminum, surrounds the insulation to protect the core from moisture. Surrounding the metal sheath is a layer of armor which provides longitudinal strength and mechanically protects the metal sheath. A polymer insulated power cable consists of one or more insulated conductors. The conductors may be solid metal or of stranded construction and are typically of copper or aluminum. The insulating polymer is typically cross-linked polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride or ethylenepropylene rubber and is generally applied by extrusion. Individual insulated conductors are known as cores. Numbers or cores are layed together to form a cable. Electric power cables for medium voltages (6-69 kV) and high voltages (>69 kV) normally include one or more metal conductors surrounded by an insulating material like a polymer material, such as an ethylene polymer. A typical low voltage power cable is constructed of metal conductors insulated with a polymeric material. These elements are generally twisted to form a core and are protected by another polymeric sheath or jacket material. In certain cases, added protection is afforded by inserting a wrap between the core and the sheath.

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