Litz wire
Under high-frequency excitation, an electrical conductor's current density ceases to be uniform. The high frequency current is limited to a surface of the conductor and does not enter the interior of the conductor. This phenomenon is called the "skin effect". This "skin effect" causes current to move away from the center of the conductor and crowd into a layer just beneath the surface. The effect is compounded in a coil, wherein the self-fields of each conductor turn induce current density changes in adjacent turns. For direct current and low frequency alternating current, the conductivity of a wire is proportional to the cross sectional area, or the square of the wire diameter. However, at high frequencies, the conductivity is directly proportional to the diameter of the wire. To take advantage of these characteristics a wire may be formed by transposing individual wires within small groups of wires and then transposing the groups within the conductor. The immediate effect of this wiring method is to equalize the flux linkages of each individual strand, thus causing the current to divide evenly among the strands. In order to lessen the impact of the skin effect, standard power cables employ multiple strands of conductors whose cross section is significantly less than that of one larger conductor of the same total area. A ribbon-like conductor is used, or thin insulated wires are twisted into a wire bundle so that the high frequency current is distributed uniformly at the cross section of the wire bundle. Such a wire bundle is called the "litz wire". Litz wire is a conductor composed of a number of fine separately insulated strands interwoven in specific arrangements. The wire is fabricated so that all inner strands come to the outside at regular intervals, and all outer strands go to the center at equal intervals. Litz wire is basically a stranded, interwoven wire in which the conductors are insulated from each other.
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