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Dynamic microphone

Microphones can be divided into several categories depending on the transducer principle used. The dynamic microphone is a conventional microphone and comprises a magnet which has opposite poles and which is mounted inside a housing, a voice coil which is disposed movably in a magnetic field between the opposite poles of the magnet, and a diaphragm which is attached to the upper end of the voice coil and which is spread over the cross section of the housing. A dynamic microphone typically includes many parts: a large base permanent magnet, a coil, a diaphragm held in place by a ring, a washer, and large air spaces disposed within the permanent magnet. In the dynamic microphone, the compression and rarefaction of sound waves actuate the diaphragm, thus causing movements in the voice coil to create a varying magnetic flux. This varying flux, together with the magnetic field that is generated by the magnet, produces electrical signals which are provided to an amplifier and then to a speaker. The dynamic microphone typically has an acoustic frequency response of 30 Hz to 18 kHz. While the dynamic microphone may a large acoustic frequent response range relative to the carbon microphone, the number and size of the dynamic microphone's operating components render it impractical for use in acoustic arrays and other array like applications.

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