Directional microphone
A directional microphone is a microphone system having a directivity pattern. Directional microphones are an effective way to facilitate the comprehension of voice in an environment full of interfering sound since they have a sensitivity depending on the direction of the incidence of sound and, thus, produce a spatial suppression of interfering sounds. Directional microphones are characterized by their ability to reject sounds which are off-axis from the direction the microphone is pointing. The angle of off-axis rejection defines a beam which originates at the microphone, radiates outward in the direction the microphone is pointing, and diverges along the angle of off-axis rejection. A directional microphone normally comprises an interference tube which is provided with sound inlets along the length of its tube axis, which are normally covered with acoustic damping material. Directional microphones are widely used in the professional market for various applications such as news gathering, sporting events, outdoor film recording, and outdoor video recording. The use of directional microphones in these types of situations is a necessity where noise is present and there is no practical way to place the microphone in close proximity to the audio source. Directional microphones offer discrimination against background noise and undesired acoustic signals originating from directions other than that of the primary receiving lobe of the microphone. Directional microphones are used in hearing aids to make it possible for those with impaired hearing to carry on a normal conversation at social gatherings and in other noisy environments.
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