Battery is an electrochemical device for producing electricity by converting chemical energy. Batteries can be generally divided into rechargeable and non-rechargeable (disposable) batteries. Rechargeable batteries, or secondary cells, can be recharged after they have been drained. Disposable batteries, also called primary cells, are batteries which can only be discharged once. Disposable batteries include lead acid batteries, a NiCd (nickel-cadmium) batteries, a NiMH (nickel-metal hydride) batteries, silver-zinc oxide batteries, and lithium ion batteries, etc. A wide variety of electrical devices (such as portable audio devices, cellular phones, camcorders, notebook computers) are powered by packs of rechargeable batteries. Various types of rechargeable battery packs are known for use with hand-held electronic equipment such as video camcorders, notebook computers and especially cellular phones. Most battery packs use either lithium cells, or nickel-cadmium or nickel-metal hydride cells. Automotive batteries provide power for the vehicle's starting, lighting and ignition (SLI) components of the car. The primary function of the automotive battery is to provide sufficient high electric current at short intervals to crank the internal combustion engine in order that it may start. High-voltage, large-capacity storage batteries are used for the back-up power source of, for example, the telephone switchboard and the computer, the power source for emergency lighting. A battery charger is a power supply source with controllable voltage and current limits. Battery chargers are often provided as either internal or external devices to be used to recharge these batteries.
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Monday, 22 January 2007 |
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Rechargeable batteries, such as nickel-cadmium (NiCd) batteries, nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries, lithium ion batteries, are the main power source for portable electronic devices such as laptop or notebook computers, digital cameras, camcorders, personal digital assistants (PDA), digital video disc (DVD) players, MP3 players, and cellular phones, etc. A car battery charger is used to the battery packs of these battery operated using the power sources installed in vehicles. A typical car battery charger has one end that is inserted into a power supply, and another end that has an extendable cord connected to the battery. Adapters, such as hands-free adapters, can be connected to a vehicle cigarette lighter to provide an external power source for charging the battery. |
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Tuesday, 16 January 2007 |
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Rechargeable battery packs are frequently used in electronic systems as a primary source of power for portable electronics such as digital audio players, laptop computers, camcorders, digital cameras, cell phones. Battery pack contains rechargeable batteries, which can be repeatedly recharged, such as nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), and lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries. A battery pack includes a protective circuit to cut the electrical current off if the temperature of the battery raises abnormally high or the current is abnormally high. A thermal fuse or a PTC is used as this type of protective component. A rechargeable battery accepts the electrical current and converts it into chemical energy. Rechargeable battery packs require a battery charger for recharging depleted batteries. |
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Tuesday, 09 January 2007 |
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Batteries are used to power portable electronic equipment such as digital cameras, camcorders, personal digital assistant (PDA), MP3 players, cellular phones and laptop computers. The battery is electrically connected to the electronic circuitry of the portable electronic device by way of a battery connector. The rechargeable batteries have contact faces which engage with resilient contact elements of battery connectors in the electrical or electronic appliances when the batteries are inserted in the electrical or electronic appliances. Many types of electrical connectors have been developed for interconnecting the terminals of batteries. A battery connector comprises an insulative housing, a plurality of conductive terminals assembled on the insulative housing and soldered to a circuit board. |
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Wednesday, 03 January 2007 |
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The sealed lead acid battery has an advantageous feature of excellent liquid leakage proofness, requiring no water supplement and causing less self-discharge. Sealed lead-acid batteries in which oxygen gas generated at the positive electrode during charging of the battery is absorbed by the negative electrode are available in two types, a retainer type and a gel type. Sealed lead-acid batteries have been employed in a variety of stand-by power applications to provide a power source when the main power source becomes inoperable. A valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) battery comprises separators and plates stacked within a sealed container, in which an electrolyte in a cell is retained in the pores of the separators and both of positive and negative electrode plates so as not to flow. |
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Saturday, 16 December 2006 |
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Rechargeable batteries are found in many different types of devices including cell phones, laptop computers, digital cameras, camcorders, and other portable electronic devices. Typical examples of secondary batteries include nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries and lithium (Li) secondary batteries. A nickel-metal hydride storage battery uses nickel hydroxide for a positive electrode and a hydrogen absorbing alloy for a negative electrode. Nickel-metal hydride storage batteries are excellent in their energy density and cycle life as compared with the conventional rechargeable batteries such as nickel-cadmium storage batteries. Nickel-metal hydride storage batteries made using hydrogen-absorbing alloys have the characteristics such as low environmental pollution and high energy density. |
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Sunday, 10 December 2006 |
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The power of the digital camera is supplied by the battery. The digital camera can be operated from battery power until the rechargeable batteries become depleted. When depleted, the rechargeable batteries are either recharged in situ, or removed from the device for recharging and may be replaced with fully charged, replacement batteries. Typical types of rechargeable batteries include a nickel cadmium (NiCd) type, a lead-acid type, a nickel metal hydride (NiMH) type, a lithium ion (Li-ion) type, and a lithium polymer battery. Lithium secondary battery has a high voltage and a high energy density and also a light weight, as compared with a nickel-cadmium battery. A battery pack comprising one or more secondary battery cells is used as a power source for a digital camera. |
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Monday, 04 December 2006 |
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Button cells are used in applications that require a very small power source. Metal/air cells have gained significant popularity because only the anode reaction material need be packaged in the cell. The growth in use of small electrically-powered devices has increased the demand for very small metal/air electrochemical cells. Zinc air cells, which rely on air (oxygen) in the environment as a source for their internal electrochemical reaction, are widely used in hearing aid applications due to their exceptional volumetric energy efficiency. The zinc/air button cell typically comprises an anode casing (anode can), and a cathode casing (cathode can). The anode casing and cathode casing each have a closed end an open end and integral side walls extending from the closed end to the open end. |
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Monday, 20 November 2006 |
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Alkaline batteries generally have a cathode, an anode, a separator and an alkaline electrolyte solution. Alkaline batteries are classified into primary cells, and secondary batteries. Alkaline storage batteries such as nickel-cadmium batteries and nickel-metal hydride storage batteries are highly reliable and capable of being miniaturized. They are used both as the power sources of portable appliances and industrial power sources. Both a sintered type positive electrode and a paste type positive electrode are applicable for the alkaline storage battery. Nickel metal hydride batteries comprise positive electrodes composed of nickel hydroxide and negative electrodes composed of a hydrogen-absorbing alloy. A nickel cadmium battery uses cadmium as the negative active material. |
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Monday, 13 November 2006 |
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Battery testers, battery condition indicators, or battery analyzers are designed to indicate the condition of a battery. Rechargeable batteries are an important power source in many electrical applications, including cell phones, forklift trucks, backup power supplies, automobiles, boats and electric vehicles. The use of battery testers to visually indicate the condition of an electrochemical cell has become very popular. Battery internal resistance (IR), polarization resistance (PR) and state-of-charge (SoC) are used as sources of information for providing real-time reporting of battery conditions and performance capabilities. Various battery analyzers have been developed to measure battery parameters. Electronic battery testers have distinct advantages compared with conventional battery testers. |
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Friday, 03 November 2006 |
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A lead acid battery is widely used for a power source for starting an automobile engine and a power source for supplying electric power to various electrical equipments. The lead-acid electrochemical system has provided a reliable energy source which is capable of being manufactured in automated production while providing acceptable quality. In a lead-acid battery, a paste type electrode plate filled with paste mainly composed of lead powder or lead oxides such as litharge is mostly used in the grid made of lead or Pb alloy. A valve regulated lead-acid (VRLA) battery has a structure in which separators and plates are arranged in stack in sealed cells. Sealed lead-acid cells and batteries have significant advantages in comparison to the use of conventional, flooded lead-acid cells and batteries. |
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Sunday, 22 October 2006 |
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A solar battery is one of the most important energy sources available for energy saving.Solar power systems employ photovoltaic cells to convert the radiant energy of sunlight directly into electrical energy. Photovoltaic cells are devices which convert radiant photon energy directly into electrical energy and are commonly used today in small electronic devices such as calculators and watches. Solar panels have a large number of solar cells which are used to convert power from sunlight. Power generated by the solar cells is coupled via electric lines to a rectifier for feeding into the alternating current (AC) network or to a battery. Solar panels are typically mounted on a mounting structure. Solar cells which utilize crystalline semiconductors offer the advantages of high performance and reliability. |
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Saturday, 14 October 2006 |
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Batteries are classified into primary batteries and secondary batteries or rechargeable batteries. Batteries which are not rechargeable are generally referred to as primary batteries while ones capable of discharge and recharge by being provided with electricity from other electric powers are referred to as secondary batteries or rechargeable batteries. Present rechargeable battery systems can be classified into two groups those employing liquid electrolytes and those employing solid electrolytes. Examples of liquid electrolyte rechargeable battery systems include lead-acid, nickel cadmium, and nickel-metal hydride systems. Rechargeable lithium batteries produce electric energy by an oxidation and reduction reaction during the intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions. |
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Wednesday, 04 October 2006 |
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Lithium ion batteries are becoming of increasing importance for a wide variety of uses, ranging from portable electronics to power supply devices. Lithium ion secondary batteries have superior electromotive force and battery capacity. The lithium ion secondary battery has higher energy density per unit volume as well as per unit weight and increased charge and discharge lifetime compared to the existing aqueous solution type secondary batteries. A lithium ion secondary battery mainly comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an ion conducting layer interposed between the electrodes. Lithium secondary batteries are classified as lithium ion batteries, lithium ion polymer batteries, and lithium polymer batteries according to kinds of separator and electrolyte. |
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Sunday, 17 September 2006 |
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Both automotive and electric vehicles are powered rechargeable batteries. The primary purpose of batteries used in internal combustion powered vehicles is to provide energy for starting, lighting and ignition (SLI). An internal combustion engine is usually started by an electric starter which obtains electric power for the starting operation from a starter battery. Automotive vehicles typically utilize a lead-acid battery to start the vehicle and to operate accessory loads when the engine is not running. In order to reduce automotive emissions and the demand for fossil fuel, automotive vehicles have been designed which are powered by electrical devices such as batteries. In automotive vehicles, a battery charging system is coupled to the engine and is powered by the engine when the vehicle is running. |
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Wednesday, 06 September 2006 |
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A cellular phone is provided with a rechargeable battery pack which is easily detachable from the cellular phone for charging when the battery pack's power is exhausted. Various types of rechargeable battery packs are known for use with cellular phones. The vast majority of such battery packs use either lithium cells, or nickel-cadmium or nickel-metal hydride cells. Typical battery housings for cellular phones incorporate a plastic case or enclosure for holding the battery cells. The battery pack is locked by a locking apparatus mounted on the body of the mobile phone. The battery pack has electrodes formed on the inner and outer surfaces of its lower portion. The battery pack of a cellular phone is provided with a protective circuit for preventing a rechargeable battery from overcharge, overdischarge, or overcurrent. |
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Thursday, 31 August 2006 |
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Battery chargers are used to charge batteries for portable electronic devices such as laptop computers, digital cameras, camcorders, cellular phones, etc. A battery charger typically includes a charger housing and a charging circuit supported by the housing. The battery charging circuit is connectable to a power source and to a rechargeable battery and which is operable to charge the battery. Constant current chargers regulate the battery charging current by varying the impedance of a series pass device. Battery chargers supply charge in a controlled manner to rechargeable batteries. A rechargeable battery accepts the electrical current and converts it into chemical energy. A battery charger for a cellular phone charges a battery through a connection terminal at the rear of the battery. |
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Sunday, 20 August 2006 |
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Notebook computers obtain operational power from either rechargeable battery packs for full stand-alone use, or AC power for use conveniently close to power outlets. The battery is housed in the palm rest in front of the keyboard of a keyboard housing, or behind the keyboard. Battery chargers in notebook computers are generally used to control battery charging and/or power distribution to a system. A battery converts chemical energy within its material constituents into electrical energy in the process of discharging. Lithium secondary batteries are classified as lithium ion batteries, lithium ion polymer batteries, and lithium polymer batteries according to kinds of separator and electrolyte. Lithium batteries are widely being used as power supplies for portable electronic devices such as notebook computers, camcorders or mobile phones. |
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Batteries and Chargers
