Provides information and reviews of electronics and electrical products, including computers, audio and video electronics, fiber optics, electronic components, RF and microwave electronics, security and alarm products, sensors and detectors, lightings and lamps, digital cameras, camcorders, cell phone, battery, printers and copiers, power supplies, optoelectronics, cables and connectors, and satellite communication products.
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Thursday, 14 December 2006 |
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive imaging technique that can produce high resolution, high contrast images of the interior of the human body. Magnetic resonance imaging systems generate medical diagnostic images by measuring faint radio frequency signals emitted from atomic nuclei of tissue in the presence of a strong magnetic field after radio frequency stimulation. An MRI system comprises a superconducting magnet, a gradient coil assembly, a variety of RF resonators, and a computer to control overall MRI system operation and create images from the signal information obtained. The generation of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal for MRI data acquisition is achieved by exciting the magnetic moments with a uniform RF magnetic field. |
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Thursday, 14 December 2006 |
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Low noise amplifiers (LNAs) are used in many systems where low-level signals must be sensed and amplified. Low noise amplifiers are used in wireless communication systems to amplify received signals, which tend to be very weak in signal strength. An LNA is installed in an input stage of the signal receiving apparatus and amplifies the input RF signal so that an amplified signal has a required gain and noise figure. An LNA is capable of decreasing most of the incoming noise and amplifying a desired signal within a certain frequency range to increase the signal to noise ratio of the communication system and improve the quality of received signal. Low noise amplifiers are used in conjunction with numerous radio frequency functions such as mixers, voltage controlled oscillators, limiters, and filters. |
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Wednesday, 13 December 2006 |
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A field programmable gate array (FPGA) is a general purpose programmable logic device that is customizable by an end user. FPGA circuits are a particular class of general purpose integrated circuits (ICs) that can be configured to perform a wide range of tasks. The basic device architecture of an FPGA consists of an array of configurable logic blocks (CLB) embedded in a configurable interconnect structure and surrounded by configurable I/O blocks (IOB). CLBs typically contain blocks of programmable logic, called look up tables (LUTs), which can be programmed to implement a combinational logic function. FPGAs are capable of implementing large highly complex logic functions, that need not be converted to two-level sum-of-products form to be programmed into these devices. |
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Wednesday, 13 December 2006 |
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Optical modulators are extensively used in optical telecommunication systems to modulate light from a laser source. Optical signals provide high speed, superior signal quality, and minimal interference from outside electromagnetic energy. Optical modulators are one of the key devices for realizing such high-performance optical networks. Indirect modulation involves the use of an optical modulator that responds to the electrical signals that represent the data to be transmitted. The electroabsorption optical modulator is an optical modulator that utilizes the electroabsorption effect that the optical absorption coefficient of a substance varies depending on the electric field applied to it. Mach-Zehnder optical modulator is used as an external modulator in ultra-high-speed communication systems. |
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Wednesday, 13 December 2006 |
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Wireless telemetry systems are remote communication systems by which measurements are made or other data collected at remote or inaccessible points, and transmitted using wireless radio transmission. Telemetry systems are used for remote data monitoring in a variety of different applications. Telemetry devices typically transmit data on a timed basis or on the occurrence of an event, such as a pulse received from the meter being read. Telemetry systems for implantable medical devices use radio frequency (RF) energy to enable bidirectional communication between the implantable medical device and an external programmer. The drilling of oil and gas wells typically involves the use of telemetry systems to provide data regarding the subsurface formation penetrated by a borehole. |
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Tuesday, 12 December 2006 |
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An electronic apparatus generally has a RTC (real time clock) installed in the circuit board thereof for recording system time. Many data processing circuits utilize real-time clocks to provide a real-time clock value indicating the current day, date and time. The real time clock provides a precise representation of time which can be compared to stored values in registers to provide automated functions. Clock circuits are an essential component of modern computer systems. Computer systems commonly have a real time clock coupled to a CPU of the system via a peripheral bus. The RTC is used to update the current time and date within the computer system without any intervention from the system processor. The real time clock typically includes a battery backup source of electrical power. |
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Tuesday, 12 December 2006 |
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High intensity discharge (HID) lamps provide light by producing an arc between an anode and a cathode, instead of energizing a filament. An HID lamp is ignited through application of a high voltage pulse, nominally of several thousand volts, across the electrodes of the lamp. The function of an electronic ballast is to supply the power required for starting and then operating a high-intensity discharge (HID) lamp, such as a metal halide lamp. A metal halide lamp is a high-pressure gas discharge lamp in which metal halides are enclosed in a quartz envelope. High intensity discharge (HID) lamps, such as mercury vapor, metal halide, high-pressure sodium and low-pressure sodium lamps, are employed in a wide variety of applications including sports lighting, industrial lighting, and street lighting. |
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